Excessive antibiotic treatment seemed to increase and more and more alarming. Excessive antibiotics or irrational means improper use, improper and not in accordance with the indications of the disease.
Actually the problem is more than twenty years ago faced by developed countries such as the United States. But this time in Indonesia are still experiencing and still be a serious problem. According to research U.S. National Ambulatory Medical Care Survey, in 1989, each year approximately 84% per year every child receives antibiotics. Other results obtained, 47.9 percent of prescriptions in children aged 0-4 years are antibiotics.
The figure according to the calculations of many experts is already quite worrying. In the same year, also found that bacteria resistance is quite high due to the excessive use of antibiotics. In the United States, because the campaign efforts and continuous education to the community and the doctor was able to drastically reduce the use of antibiotics.
The proportion of children aged 0-4 years who get antibiotics decreased from 47.9 percent in 1996 to 38.1 percent in 2000. Average number of antibiotics prescribed to decline in 2000. Average expenditure can also be reduced quite a lot, in 1996 amounted to 31.45 dollars to 21.04 dollars per child in 2000.
In Indonesia there are no official data on the use of antibiotics. So many people today do not worry and do not seem problematic. But based on the level of education or knowledge society and the fact that encountered everyday, it seems the use of antibiotics in Indonesia is much more and more worried and indirectly prevents our body from being infected bad bacteria.
5 Indications Giving Antibiotics
1. Indication of proper and correct in giving antibiotics to children is when the cause of the infection is bacterial. According to the CDC (Centers for Disease Control and Prevention) is an indication of antibiotics when the cough and runny nose sustained for over 10-14 days which occur throughout the day (not just at night and early morning). Night and morning cough is usually associated with allergies or is no longer in phase of infection and do not need antibiotics
2. If there are symptoms of severe infections such as acute sinusitis heat over 39 degrees Celsius with purulent nasal discharge, pain, swelling around the eyes and face. The first choice antibiotic treatment for these cases simply by giving Amoxicillin, Amoxicillinm or clavulanate. If within 2-3 days improved treatment can be continued for 7 days after the complaint better or usually for 10-14 days.
3. Strep throat is due to streptococcal infection. This disease generally attacks children aged 7 years or more. In children aged 4 years only 15% who had strep throat because the bacteria.
4. Urinary tract infections. To find out if there is a bacterial infection usually by culture of blood or urine. If urinary tract infection is suspected, urine culture examination. After a few days you will know if there is a bacterial infection as the type and sensitivity to antibiotics.
5. Typhus diseases. To determine typhus should do blood tests Widal and blood culture gal. Children under 5 years of age who had a viral infection often experience over diagnosis Typhoid disease. Common misperceptions in the reading lab results. Virus infection with little increase in the value of the examination has been convicted Widal typhoid fever and was hit with antibiotics.
Conditions that do not need antibiotics
Advice and counseling to the parents and doctors in the United States has done in cooperation with the CDC and the AAP (American Academy of Pediatrics) since 10 years ago. This extension to provide a proper understanding of the use of antibiotics.
In Indonesia, there are still many myths and mistakes shared by most doctors in Indonesia. Here is the condition that there was no need to use antibiotics.
1. Runny nose, fever and cough are symptoms of Upper Respiratory Tract Infections caused by viruses.
2. Changes in color of sputum and mucus becomes thick yellow, slimy and greenish is a clinical course of acute respiratory tract infection due to a virus, and not an indication of antibiotics.
3. Antibiotics will not shorten the course of illness and prevent infection of bacterial ride.
4. Most cases of illness in ambulatory children the cause is a virus. In other words, should the possibility of the use of antibiotics was not great or maybe only about 10-15% of people with children. Disease virus is a disease that includes "self-limiting disease" or a disease cured itself within 5-7 days. Most infectious diseases diarrhea, coughs, colds and heat cause is a virus. In general, every child will experience 2 to 9 times respiratory diseases due to viruses. Should not be too easy to diagnose (over diagnosis) sinusitis in children. If there are no other complications naturally colds, cough and nasal discharge will be settled at the latest until 14 days after the other symptoms improved
5. A study of 139 patients with symptoms of a cold (flu) virus since it was found that administration of antibiotics in the control group did not improve mucopurulent fluid from the nose. Antibiotics are not effective in treating upper respiratory tract infection and prevent bacterial infections ride. The majority of upper respiratory infections including sinus paranasalis very rare bacterial complications.